Hi Brachy,
Last question first:
What happens to the saved water as a result of PPL operations??
There is a general misunderstanding out in the public that PPL water is now being used to meet the Montague Target and that it was not counted toward the Montague Target previously. That is not true. PPL water has always been used to meet the Montague Target. That is in fact part of the decree.
There is however a change in PPL operation that was approved when Revision 7 was approved 3 years ago. That change did two things. Call me if you want the specifics, but suffice it to say that the change in NYC releases due to the change in PPL operation was minimal. Part of the change may actually be beneficial. How you ask?
The change in PPL operation was a very simple shifting of water from July into August. PPL must strictly adhere to fisrt of month lake levels. That is, the lake levels posted on their website for the first of each month must be met. If they are at the lake level before the end of the month, they cannot release for power production. The change in PPL operation actually shifted some releases from July into August. This has the opposite effect on the NYC releases. More water would be called for in July from NYC and less in August. This is a possible benefit as the higher NYC releases that would be needed in July would help the upper river when it tends to need it. The smaller releases in August are less critical beacuase typically the Montague Release requirement is much higher in August.
There was also a component of PPL operation change that would go into effect in times of drought. THE DRBC could direct water to be released from Wallenpaupack to help meet targets during drought. This may be the part of the PPL operation that you are referring to. This does in fact allow NYC to bank some extra water. Typically, drought operations are in effect in September through March and this is the time that there may be somewhat less NYC releases required due to enhanced releases from PPL. Since Rev 7 was initiated, there have been no declared droughts, so it has not been put into operation. There was however, an "Amelioration Bank" of water that was created in Revision 7 to ameliorate any negative effects that the PPL operation change caused to the Upper River Flows. As I mentioned this was not used, since drought has not been declared since Rev 7 was put into effect.
Sorry that was so long.
I am sure that you already know the answers to your first two questions, but here goes anyway.
NYS DEC makes the call on what to release from the Habitat Bank.
The amount remaining was quite high at the end of last year. I do not have the exact amount, but it was significant. Somewhat more that 50% of the bank, as I recall. This was extremely frustrating as we came to the end of May and there was water in the bank that would expire at the end of May.
The problem with banks is that the decree parties imposed so many restrictions on when the bank could be used that it was not used when it was obvious that it was not going to be used and that it would be useful to release water for the rivers.
Simply, the water could only be used to meet the target flows (Hale Eddy at a minimum of 225 cfs, for example) or when the Temperature Targets would be exceeded. THe dEC could not release water if one of those conditions would not be violated.
That brings us to today. Clearly the Temperature Target was violated today on at least the Mainstem. Lordville exceeded 75 degrees. There are also issues we have all heard befre, in that Lordville is not even the original target location. But that is another story.
I do not know but the model that predicts water temperaures is not that great (my opinion). It seems to undervalue the direct sunshine component that causes water temperatures to rise. Again though, this is the standard that guides the DEC.
The other thing that I am sure happens, is how much do you gamble with limited resources? Do you release 1200 for 4 hot days now and use up 25% of the bank that is supposed to last until next June 1st??
If you save half of the bank (10,000 cfs-days) to make sure you can meet the winter targets and then the winter is wet and you do not need it, you may not be able to use it!!! This happened last year with the floods and wet warm winter.
After all this, you can see that banks and targets are not an easy or perfect way to manage the system.
This led to the creation of a new system based on the amount of water in the reservoirs. FFMP is the result of this development. I think we can all agree that the concept is good, now we just need to make sure that the release matrix is populated with big enough numbers to protect and enhance the habitat and fisheries.
I think that is enough for now!!
Jim