Depends on how hot and for how long.
Too hot for C&R doesn't necessarily mean too hot to survive. It means that the extra stress and oxygen demand of being caught could mean the difference between discomfort and death.
Depending on the species, "Lethal" temperatures could be in the 80s (assuming otherwise healthy and unstressed).
Conventional wisdom... "Too Hot for C&R" is 70F or 20C (easy to remember round numbers).
Some people add a safety factor...
For instance, the Ramapo normally exceeds lethal levels sometime in late June or early July.
At first, you'll find the trout in spring holes, highly oxygenated rapids, or near the outflow of a cool tributary.
In the case of rapids, evaporative cooling may be a factor.
Later all or most die, but some unusual catches indicate that a few seek refuge in tributaries.
In streams where "lethal" temperatures are temporary, and not as extreme as the Ramapo's, the healthy trout will survive if left undisturbed.
A recommendation:
If you go fishing in the early morning, and find the temperatures in the high 60s (F), don't assume C&R will work.
After the sun hits the water, temperatures are going to rise, and after sunset, it's going to take a while for them to go down.
It takes more than a few hours for the trout to recover.